1. Tropical Deciduous Monsoon forest:
This includes the terai plains and broad falt valleys or duns found between successive hill ranges. The dominant tree species of this area are sal (Shorea Robusta), sometimes associated with semal (Bombax malabricum), Asna (Terminalia termentosa), Dalbergia spp and other species, and pinus rosburghi occurring on the higher ridges an altitude of 1800m. Tall coarse two-meter high elephant grass originally covered much of the Dun valleys but has now been largely replaced by agricultural settlements. This tropical zone is Nepal richest area for wildlife with gaurs, buffaloes, four species found in the forest area rhinoceros, swamp deer and hot deer found in the valley grassland and two species of crocodile and the Gangetic dolphin inhabiting the rivers.

2. Subtropical Mixed Evergreen Forest:
This includes the Mahabharat Lekh, which rises to a highest of about 2400m and comprises the outer wall of the Himalayan range. Great rivers such as the Karnali, Narayani, and Sapta koshi flow through this area into the broad plains of the terai. This zone also includes the so-called o middle hills which extend northwards in a somewhat confused maze of ridges and valley to the foot of the great Himalayas. This zone is generally poor in wildlife. The only mammals, which are at all widely distributed, are wild boar, barking deer, serow, ghoral and bears. Different varieties of birds are also found in this zone.

3. Temperate Evergreen Forest:
Northward, on the lower slopes and spurs of the great Himalayas, oaks andpines are the dominant species up to an altitude of about 2400m above which are found dense conifer forest including picea, tusga, Larix and Abies spp. The latter is usually confined to higher elevations with Betula typically marking the upper limit of the tree line. At abut 3600 to 3900m, commonly associated with the coniferous zone. The red panda is among the more interesting of the mammals found in this zone; it appears to be fairly distributed in suitable areas of the forest above 1800m. the rich and varied avifauna of this region includes several spectacular and beautiful pheasants, including the Danfe pheasant, Nepal national bird.

4. Sub alpine and Alpine Zone:
Above the tree line, rhododendron, juniper scrub and other procumbent woody vegetation may extend to about 4200m where it is then succeeded by a tundra like association of short grasses, sedge mosses and alpine plants wherever there is sufficient soil. This continues up to the lower limit of perpetual snow and ice at abut 5100m. The mammalian faun is sparse and unlikely to include any species other than Himalayan marmots, mouse hare, tahr, musk deer, snow leopard and occasionally blue sheep. In former times, the wild yak and great Tibetan sheep could also be sighted in this region and it is possible that a few may still be surviving in areas such as Dolpa and Humla. The bird life at such a lammergeyer, snowcock, snowpatridge, choughs and bunting, with redstarts and dippers often seen along the streams and rivulets. Yaks are the only livestock, which thrive at high altitude.

The koshi river system consists of the Tamur, Arun, Dudhkoshi, Likhu, Tamakoshi, Sunkoshi and indravati rivers. Of these, the Arun and Sunkoshi originate in Tibet. The confluence of these rivers is at Tribeni. The confluence of these rivers is at Tribeni (near Dharan) in sagarmatha zone.

The Gandaki river system in central Nepal consists of the kaligandaki, Budhigandaki, Marsyanghi, Trishuli, Seti, Madi and Daraundi rivers. The kaligandaki is the longest river and the Trishuli, the main tributary of this system.

The kaligandaki originates in Mustang and converges with the trushuli at deoghat in chitwan. The river is then called the Narayani and goes on to meet the Ganges. The carnal river system in western Nepal consists of the Hulma Carnal, Mugu carnal, Seti and Bheri rivers and is the longest river system in the country.

Rivers like the Mechi, Mahakali, Bagmati, kamala, Rapti, etc. most of which have their origin in the Mahabharat range, constitute the rivers of the second category. The Bagmati, which rises at Bagdwar and drains out through the chobhar gorge, is the principal river of the kathmandu valley.

The Himalayan region abounds in glaciers. Most of the big glaciers lie in the eastern Himalayans. As the western Himalayas receive only a small amount of rainfall, barring the formation of vast snowfields, the source of some of the big rives of nepal are in fact glaciers.

Nepals largest glacier lies in the mahalangur and the Kunbhakarna ranges. Khumbu is the biggest glacier and Langtang the longest. Kanchenjunga, Yalung, Nupchu and Langtang are some other glaciers belonging to the eastern Himalayans. Tukche and hidden valley glaciers belong to the central Himalayas but these are comparatively small. Eating into the land long their course, the glaciers have been partly responsible for changing the Himalayan landscape, and for evolving various geo-patterns ranging from big cirques and rock basins to hanging valleys and morainic ridges.

1. Bardia National Park (968 sq. kms.)
2. Langtang National Park (1710 sq. kms.)
3. Shey-phoksundo National Park (355 sq km.)
4. Rara National Park (106 sq kms.)
5. Khapted National Park (255 sq. kms.)
6. Makalu- Barun National Park (2330 sq.kms.)
7. Chitwan National Park (932 sq. kms.)
6. Sagarmatha National Park (2330 sq.kms.)

Wildlife Reserve:
1. Sukla phanta Reserve (305 sq kms)
2. Parsa Reserve (499 sq kms.)
3. Koshi-Tappu Reserve (175 sq kms.)

Conservatin Areas:
1. Annapurna (2600 sq. kms.)
2. Makalu- Barun (2330 sq kms.)

Hunting Reserve:
Dhorpatan (1325 sq kms.)

Endangered Species:
This country harbors one of the world best habitat for one horned rhino, Royal Bengal tiger, Show-Leopard, Clounded- Leopard, Red panda, Blud-sheep and long snouted fish eating Gharial. Other wildlife includes wild elephant, buffaloes, bisons, blue bell, Brown bear, sloth bear, Leopard, Crocodiles and many varieties of cat, dog, deer and antelope families.